---

1. Which of the following is an important factor in minimizing errors in an experiment?

A. Proper calibration of instruments B. Increasing the temperature C. Decreasing the measurement time D. Using unskilled labor

---

2. When taking multiple measurements, the most common method to reduce random errors is by

A. Taking the average of measurements B. Increasing the sample size C. Decreasing the number of measurements D. Using a different instrument

---

3. The uncertainty in a measurement is typically caused by

A. Random errors B. Systematic errors C. Both random and systematic errors D. None of the above

---

4. Which of the following instruments is commonly used for measuring small lengths with high precision?

A. Micrometer screw gauge B. Vernier caliper C. Meter scale D. Ruler

---

5. In an experiment, the resolution of an instrument refers to

A. The smallest difference between two measured quantities it can detect B. The time it takes to perform a measurement C. The maximum range of the instrument D. The weight of the instrument

---

6. The error introduced by the observer in a measurement due to incorrect reading is called

A. Systematic error B. Personal error C. Instrumental error D. Random error

---

7. In an experiment, if the same results are obtained by repeating the measurements multiple times, it indicates

A. Precision B. Accuracy C. Systematic error D. Random error

---

8. The main source of error when using a digital multimeter to measure voltage is

A. Parallax error B. Zero error C. Resolution error D. Instrumental error

---

9. Which of the following is an example of a systematic error?

A. Incorrect calibration of an instrument B. Fluctuations in temperature C. Random variations in measurement D. Human reaction time

---

10. The ability of an instrument to give the same reading for repeated measurements of the same quantity is called

A. Accuracy B. Precision C. Reliability D. Resolution

---

11. Which of the following is an important consideration when selecting an instrument for an experiment?

A. The accuracy of the instrument B. The price of the instrument C. The color of the instrument D. The brand of the instrument

---

12. In an experiment, if the readings are consistently off by the same amount, it indicates a

A. Random error B. Systematic error C. Zero error D. Human error

---

13. To measure the resistance of an unknown resistor, which method is commonly used?

A. Ohm's law experiment B. Calorimetry C. Pendulum experiment D. Photoelectric effect

---

14. What is the main reason for using a graph to represent experimental data?

A. To visualize trends and relationships B. To hide inconsistencies in data C. To simplify complex calculations D. To increase measurement accuracy

---

15. When an instrument is used to measure a quantity, it is important to first check for

A. Zero error B. Parallax error C. Heat error D. Time delay

---

16. What is the best method to reduce the uncertainty in a measurement?

A. Increasing the number of measurements B. Changing the instrument C. Decreasing the range of the instrument D. Increasing the error

---

17. Which of the following is a key principle when designing an experiment?

A. Control all variables except the one being tested B. Maximize the number of variables C. Minimize the measurement time D. Increase the range of measurements

---

18. The most common way to estimate the error in a set of measurements is to

A. Find the standard deviation B. Use the average value C. Measure the least significant digit D. Consider the highest measurement

---

19. In a graphical representation of data, the slope of the line is used to determine

A. The relationship between variables B. The error in measurement C. The precision of the instrument D. The reliability of the data

---

20. Which of the following is true about systematic errors?

A. They affect the accuracy of the results B. They can be eliminated by repeating measurements C. They only occur in the initial stage of measurement D. They do not affect the final result