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1. The error caused by faulty reading of a measurement scale is known as

A. Parallax error B. Zero error C. Instrumental error D. Human error

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2. To minimize systematic errors in an experiment, one must

A. Calibrate the instrument B. Repeat the measurements C. Increase the sample size D. Ignore the errors

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3. Which of the following is a source of random errors in measurement?

A. Human error B. Improper calibration C. Fluctuations in the environment D. Using an uncalibrated instrument

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4. Which of the following can reduce the effect of parallax error?

A. Using a mirror scale B. Using a digital instrument C. Using a pointer scale D. All of the above

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5. The uncertainty in a measurement can be minimized by

A. Taking multiple readings and averaging B. Relying on a single measurement C. Ignoring minor fluctuations D. Using only the best measurement

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6. In an experiment, what is the effect of an increase in the range of the instrument?

A. It increases the uncertainty B. It decreases the uncertainty C. It increases the precision D. It decreases the accuracy

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7. Which of the following can be used to measure very small lengths with high accuracy?

A. Micrometer screw gauge B. Vernier caliper C. Thermometer D. Graduated cylinder

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8. The uncertainty in the measurement of time can be reduced by

A. Using a higher resolution stopwatch B. Measuring at different times of the day C. Using an uncalibrated timer D. Increasing the time interval

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9. Which of the following is true about zero error in instruments?

A. It shifts all measurements by a fixed amount B. It results from the wear and tear of the instrument C. It cannot be corrected D. It has no effect on measurements

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10. To measure the diameter of a thin wire accurately, which instrument should be used?

A. Micrometer screw gauge B. Vernier caliper C. Thermometer D. Barometer

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11. In an experiment, systematic errors can be caused by

A. Improper instrument calibration B. Ambient temperature fluctuations C. Random noise D. Observer’s reaction time

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12. The precision of an instrument is determined by

A. The smallest division on its scale B. The maximum measurable value C. The number of readings taken D. The method used for calibration

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13. In a pendulum experiment, what is the effect of air resistance on the measurements?

A. It introduces a systematic error B. It does not affect the measurements C. It introduces a random error D. It reduces the precision of measurements

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14. What is the correct method to handle random errors in an experiment?

A. Take multiple readings and find their average B. Use the highest value C. Discard all errors D. Rely on a single measurement

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15. Which of the following methods can minimize human errors in an experiment?

A. Automation of measurement B. Increasing the number of observers C. Using an uncalibrated instrument D. Relying on the observer's instinct

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16. In a measurement of length using a Vernier caliper, the least count is

A. The smallest length that can be measured accurately B. The difference between the main scale and Vernier scale reading C. The total length measured by the instrument D. The accuracy of the instrument

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17. The main cause of random error in an experiment is

A. Uncontrolled environmental fluctuations B. Instrument malfunction C. Systematic instrumental error D. Incorrect reading of the instrument

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18. When measuring the resistance of a wire, which of the following is a key instrument used?

A. Ammeter B. Voltmeter C. Micrometer D. Thermometer

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19. Which of the following statements is true for an ideal measurement instrument?

A. It has zero error and infinite precision B. It has a finite precision C. It can only measure a limited range D. It has infinite accuracy

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20. In a measurement, the error in reading can be reduced by

A. Improving the calibration process B. Using more instruments C. Relying on a single measurement D. Using lower precision instruments